Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Plants Evaluated for Environmental and Livestock Feed Safety. October, 2007.

Statistics Canada, Field Crop Reporting Series, June 2007. p.8.

Corporate Concentration:

ETC Group. The World’s Top 10 Seed Companies Based on Seed Revenues. 2006 www.etcgroup.org

Monsanto Company (2006). 2006 Financial Highlights. Annual Report, p.4-5. www.monsanto.com

How Are GM Crops Affecting Farmers?

Herbicide Use Patterns:

Benbrook, Charles M., “Genetically Engineered Crops and Pesticide Use in the United States: The First Nine Years”, BioTech InfoNet Technical Paper Number 7, October 2004

Fernandez-Cornejo, J. and McBride, W. D. ,“Genetically Engineered Crops for Pest Management in U.S. Agriculture,” Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Economic Report, Number 786, April 2000.

Savitz DA, Arbuckle, Kaczor D, Curtis KM. Male Pesticide Exposure and Pregnancy Outcome. Am J Epidemiol 2000, 146, 1025-36.

Herbicide Tolerant Volunteers:

Hall, L., Topinka, K., Huffman, J., Davis, L. Pollen Flow between Herbicide-Resistant Brassica Napus is the Cause of Multiple-Resistant B. Napus Volunteers. Weed Science, 48:688-694. 2000.

Herbicide Resistant Weeds:

Benbrook, Dr. Charles M. Troubled Times Amid Commercial Success for Roundup Ready Soybeans: Glyphosate Efficacy is Slipping and Unstable Transgene Expression Erodes Plant Defenses and Yields, Northwest Science and Environmental Policy Center, Sandpoint Idaho. AgBioTech InfoNet Technical Paper Number 4. 03 May 2001.

Cowbrough, Mike. (OMAF) Glyphosate Resistance…Thinking Ahead. Ontario Corn Producer Magazine. November 20, 2005.

Syngenta Crop Protection US. Counting the Cost of Glyphosate Weed Resistance. March 14, 2006.

Weed Science.com: International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. www.weedscience.com

Insecticide Use Patterns:

E.J. Rosi-Marshall, J. L. Tank, T.V. Royer, M.R. Whiles, M.Evans-White, C. Chambers, N.A. Griffiths, J. Pokelsek, and M.L. Stephen. 2007. Toxins in Transgenic Crop by-Products may affect headwater stream Ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: 16204-16208

Hilbeck, A. and Schmidt, J.E.U. Another View on Bt Proteins—How Specific are They and What Else Might They Do?. Institute of Integrative Biology. 2006.

Bt resistant insects:

Canadian Corn Pest Coalition, Bt Corn IRM Compliance Study Report, 2005.

Wu, Kong-Ming, “Environmental impact and risk management strategies of Bt cotton commercialization in China,” Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 15(1): 1-4. 2007

Wang Shenghui et al. “Tarnishing Silver Bullets: Bt Technology Adoption, Bounded Rationality and the Outbreak of Secondary Pest Infestations in China”, Presentation paper, American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA. July 22-26, 2006.

Baute, T. (ed), 2004. A Grower’s Handbook; Controlling Corn Insect Pests with Bt Corn Technology. Second Edition. Canadian Corn Pest Coalition. Ridgetown, Ontario.

Broadbent, B.J. McNeil, S. Hilton and J. Whislecraft. 2006. Baseline Monitoring of Bt-Resistance in the European Corn Border in Ontario and Quebec (2000-2005). Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

Baute, Tracey. Bt Refuge is More Important than Ever! Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. April 20, 2007.

Contamination:

Friesen, Lyle, et al. Evidence of Contamination of Pedigreed Canola (B. Napus) seedlots in Western Canada with Genetically Engineered Herbicide Resistance Traits”. Agronomy Journal, 95:1342-1347 (2003).

Liability:

See Saskatchewan Organic Directorate Organic Agriculture Protection Fund www.saskorganic.com/oapf

Contamination Costs:

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: non-Compliance History with Biotechnology regulations from 1995-2006. United States Department of Agriculture
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/biotechnology/compliance_history.shtml

Cole, Nancy. USDA Report: Rice Tainting a Mystery. October 6, 2007.

Greenpeace International. GE Contamination Register Report, February 2007.

Greenpeace International. Rice Industry in Crisis: Major rice markets close doors to genetically engineered rice after contamination of the global food supply chain. January 2007.

Greenpeace Canada. Rice on Canadian Store Shelves Contaminated: Government Fails to detect Illegal, Genetically Engineered Variety. Press release. December 17, 2007.

Patent Law and its Impact on Farmers:
Centre for Food Safety, “Monsanto vs. U.S. Farmers: November 2007 Update”, Washington, 2007.

Supreme Court of Canada. Monsanto vs. Schmeiser Enterprises LTD.

Farm Income Crisis:

National Farmers Union, The Farm Crisis & Corporate Profits, November 30, 2005.

Monsanto Company (2006). Form 10-K: United States Securities and Exchange Commission. P. 29. www.monsanto.com

Monsanto Company (2006). 2006 Financial Highlights. Annual Report, p.1. www.monsanto.com

Who Approves GM Crops and How?

Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel on the Future of Food Biotechnology, Elements of Precaution: Recommendations for the Regulation of Food Biotechnology in Canada, Ottawa, January 2001.

Sharratt, Lucy, “Regulating Genetic Engineering For Profit.” 2002

Peter Andree and Lucy Sharratt, "Genetically Modified Organisms and Precuation: Is the Canadian Government Implementing the Royal Society of Canada's Recommendations?" October 2004.

GM Food

Greenpeace International. ‘We Still Want GE Mandatory Labelling’ –Canadians Respond to Harper’s Government Refusal. May 2007.

Ontario Corn Producers’ Association. GM Food Labelling Hypocrisy. March 2002.

Other

Clark, E. Ann. Environmental Risks of Genetic Engineering. Euphytica 148: 47-60. Presented to the NAEC workshop Factoring in the Environment for Decisionson Biotechnology in Agricultural Production. 28 July 98, Ottawa

Mellon, M. and J Rissler. 2003. Environmental Effects of Genetically Modified food Crops: Recent Experiences. Paper presented at a conference: Genetically Modified Foods—the American Experience. Sponsored by the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. Copenhagen, Denmark. June 12-13, 2003

The Centre for Food Safety. Genetically Engineered Crops and Foods: Worldwide Regulation and Prohibition. June 2006.